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On This day...1 July

1915 (Thursday)

Eastern Front  ▶  Germans (Mackensen) occupy Zamosc (near Upper Bug).  ▶  Germans (Linsingen) cross Gnila Lipa south of Rohatyn (Galicia).  ▶  Russians evacuate bridgehead near Tarlov (Vistula).
Naval and Overseas Operations  ▶  Leyland liner Armenia torpedoed off Cornish coast.  ▶  Otavi (south-west Africa) occupied by General Botha. HMS Lightning damaged by mine or torpedo.
Political British Commission on trade with Sweden arrives Stockholm. Total German casualties to date, reckoned at 1,700,000, of which 306,000 killed, and 500,000 permanently disabled.

1916 (Saturday)

Western Front  ▶  Great Franco-British offensive begins on 25-mile front north and south of Somme.  ▶  British capture Montauban and Mametz; break through towards Bapaume.  ▶  French attack towards Peronne; reach outskirts of Hardecourt and Curlu; take Dompierre, Becquincourt, Bussus, and Fay. 5,000 prisoners taken.
Eastern Front  ▶  River Pruth Russians advance north-west of Kolomea.  ▶  Austro-Germans progress north-west of Tarnopol.
Southern Front Vigorous Italian attacks continued north of upper Isonzo.
Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres In Persia the Turks defeat Russians; pursue them to Kermanshah.

1917 (Sunday)

Western Front  ▶  Violent bombardment, followed by German attacks in Cerny-Ailles sector (northern Aisne); enemy losses heavy.  ▶  Successful French counter-attack north-west of Verdun.
Eastern Front Russian offensive, under General Brusilov, opens on 50-mile front, on either side of Brzezany (Galicia); three lines of trenches and 12,000 prisoners taken. To the south stubborn fighting, heavy Russian losses.
Southern Front Austrians very active in the Trentino. Attacks repulsed by Italians.
Political  ▶  Announcement in Holland of assurance by Lord Derby that Britain will not strike at Germany through Holland if she remains neutral.  ▶  Young Chinese Emperor, Hsuan Tung, restored.

1918 (Monday)

Western Front  ▶  French capture St. Pierre Aigle (village north-west of Forest of Villers-Cotterets).  ▶  Americans capture Vaux (west of Château-Thierry).  ▶  British air raids on Mannheim, Coblenz, Thionville and Trèves.
Southern Front Italians gain positions in north-west of Monte Grappa.
Navaland Overseas Operations  ▶  U.S. transport "Corrington" torpedoed and sunk, 6 lost.  ▶  Five British aeroplanes bomb Austrian base at Cattaro.  ▶  Portuguese East Africa: Germans under Lettow-Vorbeck fight British and Portuguese at Nhamacurra (26 miles north of Quilimane).
Political  ▶  Appointment of five M.P.'s to investigate Alien question and to advise action to be taken.  ▶  Publication of Lloyd George's reply to deputation of Federalists.[a] Serious explosion at shell factory in Midlands, 100 killed, 150 injured.

Notes

  1. Mr. Lloyd George replied to Federalist Deputation that Federalism was a rational solution to the Home Rule problem. No Change possible during war without general assent. This not yet given.



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Recent Transcription
Sir Edward Grey

Mr. Speaker:—Last week I stated that we were working for peace not only for this country, but to preserve the peace of Europe. To-day—but events move so rapidly that it is exceedingly difficult to state with technical accuracy the actual state of affairs—it is clear that the peace of Europe cannot be preserved. Russia and Germany, at any rate, have declared war upon each other.

Before I proceed to state the position of his Majesty's Government and what our attitude is with regard to the present crisis, I would like to clear the ground that the House may know exactly under what obligations the Government is or the House can be said to be in coming to a decision upon the matter. First of all let me say very shortly that we have consistently worked with a single mind and with all the earnestness in our power to preserve the peace. [Cheers.] The House might be satisfied on that point. We have always done it, and in these last years, as far as his Majesty's Government are concerned we should have no difficulty in proving that we have done it. Through the Balkan crisis by general admission we worked for peace, and the co-operation of the Great Powers was successful in working for peace in that crisis. It is true that some Powers had great difficulty in adjusting their points of view and it took much time and labour and discussion before they could settle their differences, but peace was secured because peace was their main object they were willing to give time and trouble to the consideration of difficulties and not to accentuate the differences that arose. (read more)

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