23 July

Events preceding British Declaration of War

 * Presentation of Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia at Belgrade at 6 p.m., demanding answer within 48 hours. Publication in Vienna shortly afterwards.  Bethmann-Hollweg writes circular to German Ambassadors saying "action and demands of Austria-Hungary fully justified".
 * German officers' leave stopped.

1915

 * - Fortresses of Rojan and Pultusk stormed and river Narev crossed by Germans.
 * Russians overtaken and defeated near Shavli (Courland).
 * - Italians advance along Luznica Ridge (Julian). Innsbruck bombed.
 * - Italian garrisons massacred in revolt of Senussites in Tripoli, German and Turkish officers in command.
 * No - Austrian warships bombard Ortona and the Tremiti Islands (Adriatic).
 * Third American Note to Germany re: RMS Lusitania published.