Sapper (rank)

A sapper, abbreviated to Spr. and also called Pioneer or combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties such as breaching, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, field defences as well as building, road and airfield construction and repair. They are also trained to serve as infantry personnel in defensive and offensive operations. A sapper's duties are devoted to tasks involving facilitating movement, defence and survival of allied forces and impeding those of enemies.

A Sapper is the Royal Engineers' equivalent of Private. This is also the case within the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, Indian Army Corps of Engineers, Royal Canadian Engineers, Royal Australian Engineers, South African Army Engineer Formation and Royal New Zealand Engineers. The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth nations, Polish Army and the U.S. military. It was introduced in 1856 when the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners was amalgamated with the officer corps of the Royal Engineers to form the Corps of Royal Engineers. The word "sapper" comes from the French saper (to undermine, to dig under a wall or building to cause its collapse).